WA 65 Models

The WA 65 Models category encompasses a range of compact wheel loaders designed for efficient material handling in various construction and landscaping applications. These machines are characterized by their maneuverability, robust construction, and versatile performance, making them suitable for tasks such as loading, digging, grading, and site cleanup. Their compact size allows them to operate effectively in confined spaces, while their powerful engines provide ample performance for demanding jobs.

Documentation for WA 65 Models typically includes comprehensive service manuals detailing maintenance schedules, repair procedures, and diagnostic information. Owners and technicians can also find operator manuals, parts catalogs, and troubleshooting guides to...

Komatsu WA65 WA75 WA85 WA90 WA95 3 Parallel Wheel Loader Service Repair Workshop Manual
$16.99
This service repair workshop manual covers the Komatsu WA65, WA75, WA85, WA90, and WA95 3 Series loaders. These machines are engineered for demanding operational environments, offering robust performance and reliability. While specific production years are not detailed, this manual addresses multiple serial number ranges for the 3 Series generation, ensuring comprehensive support for these versatile pieces of equipment.
Komatsu Service WA65-3 WA75-3 WA85-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Shop Manual Wheel Loader Workshop Repair Book
$16.99
The Komatsu 3-Series wheel loaders, including models WA65-3, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3, represent robust and reliable equipment designed for demanding operational environments. These machines are engineered with a focus on durability and performance, incorporating features that enhance productivity and operator comfort. Their construction quality and proven design ensure they can handle a wide range of material handling tasks across various industries.
Komatsu WA65 6 WA70 6 WA80 6 WA90 6 WA100M 6 Wheel Loader Service Repair Workshop Manual
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu WA65-6, WA70-6, WA80-6, WA90-6, and WA100M-6 wheel loaders. These heavy equipment machines are engineered for demanding applications in construction and material handling. Known for their robust construction and reliable performance, these wheel loaders are designed to maximize productivity and efficiency on job sites. Their advanced engineering ensures durability and operational excellence, making them a trusted choice for professionals in various industries.
Komatsu WA65 WA75 WA85 WA90 WA95 3 Parallel Wheel Loader Service Repair Workshop Manual
$16.99
This Service Repair Workshop Manual covers the Komatsu WA65, WA75, WA85, WA90, and WA95 Wheel Loaders. Manufactured by Komatsu Ltd., these heavy equipment units are engineered for demanding applications requiring robust performance and reliability. The manual provides comprehensive support for repair, service, restoration, maintenance, rebuilding, and diagnosis, ensuring these machines operate at peak efficiency throughout their service life.
Komatsu WA65 WA75 WA85 WA90 WA95 wheel loader Service Repair Manual
$16.99
This official service repair manual provides comprehensive information for Komatsu Wheel Loaders, specifically covering models WA65-3, WA65-3 Parallel Lift, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3. These robust machines are engineered for demanding work environments, offering reliability and efficiency in various operational settings. The manual details serial number ranges from HA940051 AND UP for the WA65-3, HA050051 AND UP for the WA65-3 Parallel Lift, HA950051 AND UP for the WA75-3, HA960051 AND UP for the WA85-3, HA970051 AND UP for the WA90-3, and HA980051 AND UP for the WA95-3.
Komatsu WA65-3 operation and maintenance Manual
$16.99
This Operation and Maintenance Manual covers the Komatsu WA65-3 Wheel Loader, designed for construction equipment applications. This manual is applicable to serial numbers HA940549 to HA940771 and H20761 and up. The WA65-3 is engineered for reliable performance and efficient operation in demanding environments. Careful handling, correct periodical inspections, and diligent maintenance are essential for ensuring the longevity and optimal functionality of this machine.
Komatsu WA65-3 thru to WA95-3 Service training Manual
$16.99
This Service Training Manual covers the WA65-3, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3 wheel loaders. These machines are engineered for demanding operational environments, utilizing robust diesel engines and a 4-wheel drive system to ensure reliable performance in heavy equipment repair and maintenance training scenarios. The line of wheel loaders is recognized for its durability and efficiency, making them a trusted choice for various industrial applications.
Komatsu WA65-3 WA65-3 Parallel Lift WA75-3 WA8-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Wheel Loader Factory Service and Repair Workshop Manual
$16.99
This comprehensive Factory Service and Repair Workshop Manual covers Komatsu wheel loaders, including models WA65-3, WA65-3 Parallel Lift, WA75-3, WA8-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3. These machines are engineered for demanding operational environments, offering robust performance and reliability in various material handling applications. This manual provides detailed information to ensure these wheel loaders operate at peak efficiency throughout their service life.
Komatsu WA65-3 WA65-3 Parallel Lift WA75-3 WA85-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Wheel Loader Factory Service/Repair/ Workshop Manual
$16.99
This factory service manual covers the Komatsu -3 Series wheel loaders, including models WA65-3, WA65-3 Parallel Lift, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3. These machines are engineered for robust performance and reliability in various demanding operational environments. This manual provides comprehensive information to ensure these units maintain their operational integrity and efficiency throughout their service life.
Komatsu WA65-3 WA65-3 Parallel Lift WA75-3 WA85-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Wheel Loader Complete Workshop Service Repair Manual
$16.99
This workshop service repair manual covers wheel loaders, including models WA65-3, WA65-3 Parallel Lift, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3. These construction equipment units are engineered for durability and performance in demanding environments. This manual provides comprehensive documentation for all models, engines, trim, and transmission types, ensuring you have the necessary information to understand and operate your equipment effectively.
Komatsu WA65-3 WA65-3 Parallel Lift WA75-3 WA85-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Wheel Loader Full Service & Repair Manual
$16.99
The Komatsu WA65-3, WA65-3 Parallel Lift, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3 wheel loaders represent robust heavy equipment designed for demanding applications in construction, material handling, and agriculture. These diesel-powered, 4WD machines are engineered for reliability and performance across various industrial and construction sites, offering efficient operation for diverse tasks. Their construction quality ensures durability and productivity in challenging environments.
Komatsu WA65-3 WA65-3 Parallel Lift WA75-3 WA85-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual
$16.99
This Service Repair Manual covers the Komatsu WA65-3, WA65-3 Parallel Lift, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3 Wheel Loaders. These machines are engineered for robust performance and reliability in demanding work environments, designed for efficient maintenance, assembly, disassembly, and servicing. Their construction emphasizes durability and operational excellence, making them dependable assets for a wide range of industrial applications.
Komatsu WA65-3 WA65-3 Parallel Lift WA75-3 WA85-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual
$16.99
This service repair manual covers the Komatsu 3 Series wheel loaders, including models WA65-3, WA65-3 Parallel Lift, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3. These machines are engineered for demanding operational environments, offering robust performance and reliability. While specific production years are not detailed, coverage is provided for serial number ranges beginning with HA940051 for the WA65-3 and extending through HA980051 for the WA95-3. The manual is presented in English and is designed to support the continued efficient operation of these industrial vehicles.
Komatsu WA65-3 WA65-3 PARALLEL LIFT WA75-3 WA85-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual Operation & Maintenance Manual
$16.99
This manual covers Komatsu Wheel Loaders, specifically models WA65-3, WA65-3 PARALLEL LIFT, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3, for serial numbers WA65-3 - HA940051 AND UP, WA65-3 PARALLEL LIFT - HA050051 AND UP, WA75-3 - HA950051 AND UP, WA85-3 - HA960051 AND UP, WA90-3 - HA970051 AND UP, and WA95-3 - HA980051 AND UP. These machines are engineered for demanding tasks, offering robust performance and reliability in various operational environments. This documentation is designed to help users achieve peak performance through effective, economical, and safe machine operation and maintenance.
Komatsu WA65-3 WA65-3 Parallel Lift WA75-3 WA85-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Wheel Loader Service Repair Workshop Manual
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu WA65-3, WA65-3 Parallel Lift, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3 wheel loaders. These machines are engineered for demanding work environments, offering robust performance and reliability. The WA65-3 Parallel Lift model features a specialized lifting mechanism designed for enhanced operational efficiency in specific applications. Serial number information is provided to ensure accurate identification for service and parts ordering.
Komatsu WA65-3 WA65-3 Parallel Lift WA75-3 WA85-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Wheel Loader Service Shop Repair Manual
$16.99
This Service Shop Repair Manual covers the Komatsu WA65-3, WA65-3 Parallel Lift, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3 Wheel Loaders. These machines are engineered for reliability and performance in demanding work environments. This manual provides comprehensive information to ensure optimal operation and longevity of your equipment.
Komatsu WA65-3 WA65-3 Parallel Lift WA75-3 WA85-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Wheel Loader Workshop Service Repair Manual
$16.99
This Workshop Service Repair Manual covers the Komatsu WA65-3, WA65-3 Parallel Lift, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3 wheel loaders. These machines are engineered for demanding work environments, offering robust performance and reliability. The WA65-3 Parallel Lift model features a specialized drive system designed for enhanced operational efficiency. This manual is intended for owners and operators who rely on these powerful machines for various service and repair tasks.
Komatsu WA65-3 wa75-3 wa85-3 wa90-3 wa95-3 shop Manual
$16.99
This factory service manual covers Komatsu wheel loaders, specifically models WA65-3, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3, for serial numbers HA940051 and up, H20761 and up for WA65-3; HA050051 and up for WA65-3 Parallel Lift; HA950051 and up, H21408 and up for WA75-3; HA960051 and up, H20219 and up for WA85-3; HA970051 and up for WA90-3; and HA980051 and up, H20651 and up for WA95-3. These machines are engineered for robust performance in demanding environments, offering reliability and efficiency for various operational needs.
Komatsu WA65-3 WA75-3 WA85-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual & Operation & Maintenance Manual
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu WA65-3, WA65-3 Parallel Lift, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3 Wheel Loaders. These machines are engineered for heavy equipment applications, designed to deliver reliable performance in demanding environments. Their robust construction and advanced features ensure efficiency and durability for a wide range of operational tasks.
Komatsu WA65-3 WA75-3 WA85-3 WA90-3 WA95-3 Wheel Loader Workshop Service Repair Manual
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu 3 Series Wheel Loaders, including models WA65-3, WA65-3 Parallel Lift, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3. These versatile machines are engineered for robust performance and reliability in various construction and material handling applications. Featuring powerful diesel engines with displacements ranging from approximately 3.3 L to 5.5 L and power outputs between 50 HP and 90 HP, they are equipped with either a Hydrostatic Transmission (HST) or Power Shift transmission and 4WD for optimal traction. Notable features include the option of a Parallel Lift system on specific variants and ROPS/FOPS certified cabs or open operator stations, ensuring operator safety and productivity.
Komatsu WA65-3 Wheel Loader Operation & Maintenance Manual
$16.99
The WA65-3 Wheel Loader, part of the WA65-3 Series, is engineered for robust performance and reliability in various operational environments. This machine features an S4D102E-1 engine, delivering 57 kW (76 hp) of net power, and is equipped with a Hydrostatic Transmission (HST) offering variable speed and two range selections. Its substantial operating weight of 6,500 kg (14,330 lb) and a straight full lift capacity of 6,000 kg (13,228 lb) underscore its capability for demanding tasks. The loader's design, including a length with bucket of 5.78 m (19 ft 0 in) and a width over tires of 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in), is optimized for efficiency and maneuverability.
Komatsu WA65-3 Wheel Loader Operation & Maintenance Manual (S/N: HA940051 and up)
$16.99
This Operation & Maintenance Manual provides comprehensive information for the WA65-3 Wheel Loader, serial number HA940051 and up. Engineered for reliability and performance, this machine is designed to meet the demands of various operational environments. Its robust construction and advanced features ensure efficient and safe operation, making it a valuable asset for any project requiring heavy-duty material handling. Understanding and adhering to the guidelines within this manual will help maximize the machine's productivity and longevity.
Komatsu WA65-3 Wheel Loader Operation & Maintenance Manual (S/N: HA940171 and up)
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu WA65-3 Wheel Loader, serial number range HA940171 and up. Designed for efficiency and reliability, this machine embodies robust engineering for demanding operational environments. Its intended usage spans various applications requiring powerful and dependable material handling capabilities.
Komatsu WA65-3 Wheel Loader Operation & Maintenance Manual (Serial Number: HA940051 and up)
$16.99
This manual provides comprehensive information for the Komatsu WA65-3 Wheel Loader, covering models from serial number HA940051 and up. Engineered for effective, economical, and safe operation, this machine is designed to meet the demands of various work environments. This guide details procedures for operation, handling, lubrication, maintenance, checking, and adjustment, ensuring operators and maintenance personnel can achieve peak performance and longevity from their equipment.
Komatsu WA65-3 Wheel Loader Operation & Maintenance Manual (Serial Number: HA940171 and up)
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu WA65-3 Wheel Loader, designed for efficient operation and reliable performance. Engineered for demanding work environments, this machine embodies Komatsu's commitment to quality and durability. Its robust construction and advanced features ensure optimal productivity and ease of use for operators and maintenance personnel alike.
Komatsu WA65-3 Wheel Loader Operation & Maintenance Manual (Serial Number: HA940549-HA940771 H20761 and up)
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu WA65-3 Wheel Loader, designed for efficient operation and robust performance. Engineered for reliability and peak productivity, the WA65-3 is built to handle demanding tasks across various applications. Its design emphasizes operator comfort and ease of use, ensuring that both seasoned professionals and new operators can achieve optimal results. This machine represents Komatsu's commitment to quality and innovation in heavy equipment.
Komatsu WA65-5 operation and maintenance Manual
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu WA65-5 Wheel Loader, designed for construction equipment operations. Built by Komatsu Ltd., this machine represents robust engineering and reliability, intended for efficient performance in various work environments. The WA65-5, with serial numbers H50051 and up, is a testament to quality construction equipment, requiring careful handling and diligent maintenance to ensure its longevity and operational effectiveness.
Komatsu WA65-5 to WA80-5 Wheel Loader Service Repair & Operation Manual (Serial Number: H50051 and up)
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu WA65-5, WA70-5, and WA80-5 Wheel Loaders, serial number H50051 and up. These machines are engineered for maintaining, assembly, disassembly, and servicing, ensuring effective, economical, and safe operation. Built with Komatsu's commitment to quality and reliability, these wheel loaders are designed to meet demanding operational requirements.
Komatsu WA65-5 WA70-5 WA80-5 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual
$16.99
This Service Repair Manual covers the Komatsu WA-5 Series, specifically the WA65-5, WA70-5, and WA80-5 models. These machines are engineered for robust performance and reliability in demanding operational environments. While specific production years are not detailed, the WA-5 Series represents a significant advancement in Komatsu's commitment to providing durable and efficient equipment for various industrial and construction applications.
Komatsu WA65-5 WA70-5 WA80-5 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual (SN: H50051 and up)
$16.99
This Service Repair Manual covers Komatsu Wheel Loaders, models WA65-5, WA70-5, and WA80-5, for serial numbers H50051 and up. These machines are engineered for heavy-duty applications, embodying Komatsu's commitment to robust construction and reliable performance. Designed for efficiency and durability in demanding work environments, these wheel loaders are built to tackle a wide range of tasks, making them essential equipment for construction, material handling, and various industrial operations.
Komatsu WA65-5 WA70-5 WA80-5 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual -H50051 and up
$16.99
This Service Repair Manual covers Komatsu WA65-5, WA70-5, and WA80-5 models with serial number prefixes H50051 and up. These machines are engineered for robust performance and reliability in demanding operational environments. While specific engine types, displacements, and power outputs vary by unit and serial number, the WA series is designed for efficient material handling and versatile application. The transmission systems, which can include Hydrostatic Transmission (HST) or Powershift Transmission (PST) depending on the model and configuration, provide precise control for various tasks.
Komatsu WA65-5 WA70-5 WA80-5 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual (Serial Number: H50051 and up)
$16.99
This Service Repair Manual provides comprehensive information for the Komatsu WA65-5, WA70-5, and WA80-5 Wheel Loaders, specifically for serial numbers H50051 and up. These robust machines are engineered for demanding tasks, offering reliability and efficiency in maintenance, assembly, disassembly, and servicing operations. Their design prioritizes performance and durability, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial and construction applications.
Komatsu WA65-5 WA70-5 WA80-5 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual + Operation & Maintenance Manual
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu WA65-5, WA70-5, and WA80-5 wheel loaders, designed for efficient and reliable operation in various demanding environments. These machines are engineered for peak performance and economical maintenance, ensuring effective and safe operation. With their robust construction and advanced features, these wheel loaders are built to handle a wide range of tasks, providing durability and productivity for users.
Komatsu WA65-5 WA70-5 WA80-5 Wheel Loader Service Repair Workshop Manual (SN: H50051 and up)
$16.99
This Service Repair Workshop Manual provides comprehensive information for the Komatsu WA-5 Series wheel loaders, specifically covering models WA65-5, WA70-5, and WA80-5, for serial numbers H50051 and up. These machines are engineered for demanding operational environments, offering robust performance and reliability. With their versatile design, they are well-suited for a range of applications in construction, material handling, and general site work. The series is characterized by its efficient power delivery, durable construction, and operator-focused features designed to maximize productivity and minimize downtime.
Komatsu WA65-5 WA70-5 WA80-5 Wheel Loader Service Shop Repair Manual
$16.99
This manual covers the WA65-5, WA70-5, and WA80-5 Wheel Loaders, designed for robust performance and reliability in demanding operational environments. These machines, identified by serial numbers starting from H50051 and up for all listed models, are engineered with quality components, including the 4D95LE-3 engine, to ensure efficiency and durability. Their construction reflects a commitment to providing powerful and dependable equipment for a wide range of industrial and construction applications.
Komatsu WA65-5 Wheel Loader Operation & Maintenance Manual
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu WA65-5 Wheel Loader, serial numbers H50051 and up. Engineered for reliability and performance, this machine is designed to meet the demanding needs of various operational environments. Its robust construction and advanced features ensure efficient and dependable service, making it a valuable asset for any project requiring heavy-duty material handling.
Komatsu WA65-5 Wheel Loader Operation & Maintenance Manual (Serial Number: H50051 and up)
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu WA65-5 Wheel Loader, serial number H50051 and up. Designed for optimal performance, this machine embodies engineering quality and reliability. It is intended to assist operators and maintenance personnel in achieving peak operational efficiency through effective, economical, and safe usage. The WA65-5 Wheel Loader is built to meet demanding operational requirements, ensuring consistent productivity and longevity.
Komatsu WA65-5 work shop Repair Manual.
$16.99
The Komatsu WA65-5, WA70-5, and WA80-5 Wheel Loaders represent robust engineering designed for demanding operational environments. These machines are built for reliability and efficiency, embodying Komatsu's commitment to quality construction. Their intended use in workshop repair and maintenance underscores their role as essential equipment for various industrial and construction applications, ensuring productivity and longevity through meticulous design and durable components.
Komatsu WA65-6 WA70-6 WA80-6 WA90-6 WA100M-6 Wheel Loader Complete Workshop Service Repair Manual
$16.99
This workshop service repair manual covers the Komatsu WA65-6, WA70-6, WA80-6, WA90-6, and WA100M-6 wheel loaders. These machines are engineered for demanding operational environments and are known for their robust construction and reliable performance. This manual provides comprehensive information to ensure these wheel loaders operate at peak efficiency, addressing all engine, transmission, and drive system types.
Komatsu WA65-6 WA70-6 WA80-6 WA90-6 WA100M-6 Wheel Loader Operation & Maintenance Manual (Serial Number: H60051 and up)
$16.99
This manual covers the Komatsu WA65-6, WA70-6, WA80-6, WA90-6, and WA100M-6 Wheel Loaders, designed for efficient operation and handling in various applications. These machines are engineered for peak performance, emphasizing reliability and economic operation. This Operation & Maintenance Manual provides comprehensive guidance for owners and operators to ensure effective, economical, and safe machine utilization and longevity.
Komatsu WA65-6 WA70-6 WA80-6 WA90-6 WA100M-6 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual
$16.99
This Service Repair Manual covers the Komatsu WA65-6, WA70-6, WA80-6, WA90-6, and WA100M-6 Wheel Loaders. These machines are engineered for demanding work environments and are designed for reliability and efficient operation. Their robust construction and advanced features make them suitable for a wide range of applications in construction, material handling, and other industrial sectors. This manual provides comprehensive information to ensure these wheel loaders perform optimally throughout their service life.
Komatsu WA65-6 WA70-6 WA80-6 WA90-6 WA100M-6 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual (SN: H00051 and up H60051 and up)
$16.99
This Service Repair Manual covers the Komatsu WA65-6, WA70-6, WA80-6, WA90-6, and WA100M-6 Wheel Loaders, designed for robust performance in demanding operational environments. These machines are engineered for reliability and efficiency, offering powerful solutions for material handling and construction tasks. Each model benefits from Komatsu's commitment to quality manufacturing, ensuring durability and optimal productivity across a range of applications.
Komatsu WA65-6 WA70-6 WA80-6 WA90-6 WA100M-6 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual -H60051 and up H00051 and up
$16.99
This service repair manual covers the Komatsu Wheel Loader models WA65-6, WA70-6, WA80-6, WA90-6, and WA100M-6. These machines are engineered for robust performance and reliability in demanding work environments. Built with durable components and advanced hydraulic systems, they are designed to provide efficient material handling across various applications. The manual details the comprehensive engineering and operational features that contribute to the productivity and longevity of these wheel loaders.
Komatsu WA65-6 WA70-6 WA80-6 WA90-6 WA100M-6 Wheel Loader Service Repair Workshop Manual (SN: H00051 and up H60051 and up)
$16.99
This service repair workshop manual covers Komatsu 6 Series wheel loaders, including models WA65-6, WA70-6, WA80-6, WA90-6, and WA100M-6, for serial numbers H60051 and up (WA65-6, WA70-6, WA80-6, WA100M-6) and H00051 and up (WA90-6). These machines are engineered for robust performance and reliability in demanding operational environments. While specific engine types, transmissions, dimensions, and performance metrics vary by model, their design emphasizes efficiency and durability for a wide range of industrial and construction applications.
Komatsu WA65-6 Wheel Loader Service Repair Manual
$16.99
This Service Repair Manual provides comprehensive information for the Komatsu WA65-6 Wheel Loader, serial number H60051 AND UP. Engineered for reliability and efficiency, this machine is designed for demanding work environments, offering robust performance and durability. Its advanced features and quality construction make it a valuable asset for various construction and material handling applications.
WA65-3 wa75-3 wa85-3 wa90-3 wa95-3 shop Manual
$16.99
This shop manual covers the Komatsu WA65-3, WA75-3, WA85-3, WA90-3, and WA95-3 wheel loaders, representing the third generation of these versatile machines. Engineered for demanding construction and industrial site operations, these 4-wheel drive loaders feature articulated steering and a hydrostatic transmission for optimal maneuverability and control. Their robust design and diesel engines are built for reliability and efficiency in forward and reverse operations, making them essential equipment for various heavy-duty tasks.